Organized Labor and Civil Society for Multiculturalism: A Solidarity Success Story From South Korea by Joon K. Kim

Author:Joon K. Kim [Kim, Joon K.]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: Ethnic Studies, International Relations, Biracial & Multiracial Studies, Social Science, Political Science, Anthropology, Asian Studies, Sociology, General, Cultural & Social
ISBN: 9781839823909
Google: tZ0LEAAAQBAJ
Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing
Published: 2020-11-20T11:53:33+00:00

Table 4.3.   North Korean Defectors Resident in South Korea.

The laws concerning the treatment of North Korean defectors depart significantly from those governing other Korean-heritage migrants. To begin, the law titled Special Law to Support National Heroes and North Korean Returnees was enacted in April 1962 in order to elevate the status of North Korean defectors at the same level as those who fought for the Korean independence and/or otherwise demonstrated meritorious service to the nation. This law was amended in January 1979 providing compensation, followed by the North Korean Compatriot Returnee Protection Law in June 1993, a newly titled law to reflect the transition in their status from national heroes to recipients of basic livelihood programs. In 1997, the name changed once again to North Korean Refugees Protection and Settlement Support Act, charging the Minister of Unification with the responsibility to provide a wide range of support for their resettlement, such as education, employment, accommodation, medical care, minimum living standards, and financial resources. Aside from the major name changes, numerous amendments were passed in order to systemize the support resources.7 Since its enactment, the North Korean defectors increased steadily from 947 persons per annum in 1998 to its peak of 2,914 a decade later. As of December 2019, some 33,523 crossed multiple national borders in reaching South Korea. A significant trend since 2002 is that women constituted a clear majority, accounting for more than 80% of all defectors for the past 15 years (Table 4.3).

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